All planning resources

Damage documentation

UAS Disaster-Damage Documentation Request Checklist

Aerial imagery is most useful when the requesting organization defines what must be documented, where it occurred, and how the resulting record will be used. A broad request to “photograph the damage” can produce attractive images without the site identification, scale, sequence, or context needed for operational review or a formal damage process.

1

Identify the site and the decision it supports

Create a site list before capture begins. Each entry should use the agency’s own facility or location name, coordinates or a mapped boundary, the incident date or period, the responsible point of contact, the visible damage question, and any access or flight restriction. Linear features such as roads, shorelines, utilities, and flood corridors need defined start and end points.

FEMA damage-assessment material distinguishes the facility description, incident cause, damaged component, location, dimensions, materials, and quantity. A UAS operator does not decide program eligibility, but the capture plan can be organized so the responsible agency can connect each image or map to its own damage inventory and field notes.

  • Agency site or facility identifier
  • Mapped point, line, or boundary
  • Incident date and reported cause
  • Visible component or condition of interest
  • Requested overview and detail views
  • Agency contact responsible for the record
2

Bring the reference information

Current imagery is easier to interpret when the agency can provide approved pre-incident photographs, plans, inspection records, asset inventories, or earlier maps. The operator should record which references were supplied and avoid presenting visual differences as proof of cause, age, structural condition, or repair scope.

Where repeat documentation is planned, define consistent viewpoints, flight boundaries, naming, map control, and timing. If dimensions or approximate quantities are requested, agree on the method and limitations before flight. Photogrammetric measurements depend on capture geometry, control, processing, surface visibility, and the product requested.

3

Separate observation from professional determination

Aerial documentation can show visible exterior conditions, debris, erosion, standing water, access constraints, roof or façade damage, and change across a mapped area. It does not establish structural safety, environmental contamination, engineering causation, insurance coverage, code compliance, or disaster-assistance eligibility.

The deliverable should label what was captured, when, from which assignment, and under what material limitations. Conditions hidden by water, vegetation, roofing, walls, debris, shadow, smoke, or viewing geometry remain unobserved unless another approved method addresses them.

4

Define the package and transfer path

Specify whether the agency needs geotagged photographs, annotated overview images, an orthomosaic, a planning-grade 3D surface, a site index, a short findings log, or raw source files. State the required turnaround, file format, coordinate reference, naming convention, authorized recipients, and retention expectations.

Before demobilization, reconcile the requested site list against the material captured. Record sites not flown, partially observed areas, access limitations, weather interruptions, missing references, and products that require later processing. A complete closeout includes the gaps as well as the successful files.

  • Deliverable and file format
  • Coordinate and naming requirements
  • Authorized recipients
  • Transfer method
  • Retention or deletion direction
  • Unobserved or incomplete locations

Questions agencies ask

Frequently asked questions

Can aerial imagery replace a damage assessment?

No. It can document visible conditions and support the responsible assessment team, but the agency and applicable program determine inspection methods, classification, eligibility, and required evidence.

Should every damaged location be mapped?

Only when the requested product, site access, flight conditions, and available control support it. Some locations are better served by indexed photographs or a concise overview-and-detail set.

What makes a useful photo log?

A stable site identifier, capture time, location, view direction when relevant, a factual description of what is visible, and a link to the agency’s site or damage inventory.

Related planning resources

Continue within disaster and damage documentation

These resources address the next decisions agencies commonly evaluate within the same planning area.

Planning references

Authoritative sources used for this resource

These references support the planning framework. Agencies and operators should still apply current law, authorization, policy, incident direction, and location-specific requirements.

Apply the framework to your organization

Discuss the assignment types, operating limits, communications, remote access, deliverables, and participation structure that fit your agency.